Effect of CYFIP2 overexpression on biological function and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway of bladder cancer cell line T24 / 国际生物医学工程杂志

Objective:To investigate the effects of cytoplasmic fragile X mental retardation protein 1 binding protein 2 (CYFIP2) overexpression on the biological functions and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways of bladder cancer T24 cells.Methods:The control group was T24 cells transfected with the empty pcDNA3 vector, and the overexpression group was T24 cells transfected with the CYFIP2 overexpression vector. The expression of CYFIP2 mRNA and protein was detected by reverse transcriptase, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and Western Blot. The effect of CYFIP2 overexpression on T24 cell proliferation was detected by CCK-8. The effect of CYFIP2 overexpression on T24 cell migration and invasion was detected by Transwell. The effects of CYFIP2 overexpression on Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in T24 cells were detected by Western Blot.Results:Compared with the control group, the expression levels of CYFIP2 mRNA and protein were increased in the overexpression group (all P < 0.001), and the cell proliferation, migration, and invasion abilities were reduced (all P < 0.01). β-catenin, c-Myc, and Cyclin D1 protein expression were down-regulated in CYFIP2 overexpressed T24 cells (all P < 0.05), while the protein levels of p-β-catenin were increased ( P < 0.05). Conclusions:CYFIP2 overexpression can inhibit T24 cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, and its possible molecular mechanism is related to the inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.

Incidence and prognosis of olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions related to infection of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron strain: a national multi-center survey of 35 566 population / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective: This cross-sectional investigation aimed to determine the incidence, clinical characteristics, prognosis, and related risk factors of olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions related to infection with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron strain in mainland China. Methods: Data of patients with SARS-CoV-2 from December 28, 2022, to February 21, 2023, were collected through online and offline questionnaires from 45 tertiary hospitals and one center for disease control and prevention in mainland China. The questionnaire included demographic information, previous health history, smoking and alcohol drinking, SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, olfactory and gustatory function before and after infection, other symptoms after infection, as well as the duration and improvement of olfactory and gustatory dysfunction. The self-reported olfactory and gustatory functions of patients were evaluated using the Olfactory VAS scale and Gustatory VAS scale. Results: A total of 35 566 valid questionnaires were obtained, revealing a high incidence of olfactory and taste dysfunctions related to infection with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron strain (67.75%). Females(χ2=367.013, P<0.001) and young people(χ2=120.210, P<0.001) were more likely to develop these dysfunctions. Gender(OR=1.564, 95%CI: 1.487-1.645), SARS-CoV-2 vaccination status (OR=1.334, 95%CI: 1.164-1.530), oral health status (OR=0.881, 95%CI: 0.839-0.926), smoking history (OR=1.152, 95%CI=1.080-1.229), and drinking history (OR=0.854, 95%CI: 0.785-0.928) were correlated with the occurrence of olfactory and taste dysfunctions related to SARS-CoV-2(above P<0.001). 44.62% (4 391/9 840) of the patients who had not recovered their sense of smell and taste also suffered from nasal congestion, runny nose, and 32.62% (3 210/9 840) suffered from dry mouth and sore throat. The improvement of olfactory and taste functions was correlated with the persistence of accompanying symptoms(χ2=10.873, P=0.001). The average score of olfactory and taste VAS scale was 8.41 and 8.51 respectively before SARS-CoV-2 infection, but decreased to3.69 and 4.29 respectively after SARS-CoV-2 infection, and recovered to 5.83and 6.55 respectively at the time of the survey. The median duration of olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions was 15 days and 12 days, respectively, with 0.5% (121/24 096) of patients experiencing these dysfunctions for more than 28 days. The overall self-reported improvement rate of smell and taste dysfunctions was 59.16% (14 256/24 096). Gender(OR=0.893, 95%CI: 0.839-0.951), SARS-CoV-2 vaccination status (OR=1.334, 95%CI: 1.164-1.530), history of head and facial trauma(OR=1.180, 95%CI: 1.036-1.344, P=0.013), nose (OR=1.104, 95%CI: 1.042-1.171, P=0.001) and oral (OR=1.162, 95%CI: 1.096-1.233) health status, smoking history(OR=0.765, 95%CI: 0.709-0.825), and the persistence of accompanying symptoms (OR=0.359, 95%CI: 0.332-0.388) were correlated with the recovery of olfactory and taste dysfunctions related to SARS-CoV-2 (above P<0.001 except for the indicated values). Conclusion: The incidence of olfactory and taste dysfunctions related to infection with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron strain is high in mainland China, with females and young people more likely to develop these dysfunctions. Active and effective intervention measures may be required for cases that persist for a long time. The recovery of olfactory and taste functions is influenced by several factors, including gender, SARS-CoV-2 vaccination status, history of head and facial trauma, nasal and oral health status, smoking history, and persistence of accompanying symptoms.

Clinicopathological analysis of primary gastric (gastrointestinal)-type mucoglandular lesion of endometrium / 中华病理学杂志

Objective: To investigate the clinical and pathological features of primary gastric (gastrointestinal)-type mucoglandular lesions of the endometrium. Methods: Eight cases of primary gastric (gastrointestinal)-type mucoglandular lesions of endometrium diagnosed between 2014 to 2022 were retrieved from pathology archives of the Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China. The clinical history, pathological sections and follow-ups were analyzed. Results: The eight patients ranged in age from 35 to 67 years, with an average age of 55.5 years. Seven patients were examined for high-risk human papillary virus (HPV) before operation. Only one of them was positive for high-risk HPV52. No cervical mucinous lesions were found in any of the patients. Two cases were invasive gastric (gastrointestinal)-type adenocarcinoma, 2 cases were benign gastric (gastrointestinal)-type mucinous metaplasia, and the other 4 cases were atypical gastric (gastrointestinal)-type mucinous gland hyperplasia. Microscopically, tumor cells showed mucous epithelium with gastrointestinal differentiation. Immunophenotyping showed that MUC6 was diffusely or focally positive in 5 cases, CK20 and CDX2 were positive in 3 cases. And p16 was negative or focally positive in 5 cases and strongly positive in 1 case. ER was expressed in both benign and atypical lesions, and weakly positive or negative in the invasive adenocarcinoma. p53 showed mutant expression in one case and wild-type expression in the rest. HPV in situ hybridization was negative. Conclusions: Primary gastric (gastrointestinal)-type mucoglandular lesions of the endometrium show various forms of gastrointestinal differentiation, which are high-risk HPV independent. Morphology combined with immunohistochemistry is helpful for the diagnosis, which can only be made on exclusion of cervical gastrointestinal glandular lesion, gastrointestinal metastatic carcinoma and the mucinous subtype of endometrioid carcinoma.

Relationship between immune regulation and structure of polysaccharides / 中国中药杂志

Polysaccharides have significant immunomodulatory activity and have good development value in food and medicine fields. At present, there are many studies on the chemical structure and immune activity of polysaccharides, but the relationship between them of polysaccharides has not been fully explained, which limits the further development and utilization of polysaccharide resources. The immune activity of polysaccharides is closely related to their own structure. This paper systematically summarized the relationship between the relative molecular weight, monosaccharide composition, glycosidic bond types, chemical modification, and advanced conformation of polysaccharides and the immune regulation, aiming to provide references for the profound study of polysaccharide structure-activity relationship and utilization of polysaccharides.

Single-cell analysis reveals an Angpt4-initiated EPDC-EC-CM cellular coordination cascade during heart regeneration

Mammals exhibit limited heart regeneration ability, which can lead to heart failure after myocardial infarction. In contrast, zebrafish exhibit remarkable cardiac regeneration capacity. Several cell types and signaling pathways have been reported to participate in this process. However, a comprehensive analysis of how different cells and signals interact and coordinate to regulate cardiac regeneration is unavailable. We collected major cardiac cell types from zebrafish and performed high-precision single-cell transcriptome analyses during both development and post-injury regeneration. We revealed the cellular heterogeneity as well as the molecular progress of cardiomyocytes during these processes, and identified a subtype of atrial cardiomyocyte exhibiting a stem-like state which may transdifferentiate into ventricular cardiomyocytes during regeneration. Furthermore, we identified a regeneration-induced cell (RIC) population in the epicardium-derived cells (EPDC), and demonstrated Angiopoietin 4 (Angpt4) as a specific regulator of heart regeneration. angpt4 expression is specifically and transiently activated in RIC, which initiates a signaling cascade from EPDC to endocardium through the Tie2-MAPK pathway, and further induces activation of cathepsin K in cardiomyocytes through RA signaling. Loss of angpt4 leads to defects in scar tissue resolution and cardiomyocyte proliferation, while overexpression of angpt4 accelerates regeneration. Furthermore, we found that ANGPT4 could enhance proliferation of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes, and promote cardiac repair in mice after myocardial infarction, indicating that the function of Angpt4 is conserved in mammals. Our study provides a mechanistic understanding of heart regeneration at single-cell precision, identifies Angpt4 as a key regulator of cardiomyocyte proliferation and regeneration, and offers a novel therapeutic target for improved recovery after human heart injuries.

A preliminary study on the role of V-domain Ig suppressor of T cell activation in juvenile idiopathic arthritis / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To study the expression of V-domain Ig suppressor of T cell activation (VISTA) in peripheral blood of children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) and its role in the pathogenesis of JIA.@*METHODS@#In this prospective study, peripheral blood was collected from 47 children with different subtypes of JIA and 10 healthy children. Flow cytometry was used to measure the expression levels of VISTA, interferon-γ (IFN-γ), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) on CD14+ mononuclear cells, CD4+ T lymphocytes, and CD8+ T lymphocytes.@*RESULTS@#The children with JIA had a significantly lower expression level of VISTA than the healthy children (P<0.05). There was a significant difference in the expression of VISTA between the children with different subtypes of JIA, with the lowest expression level in those with systemic JIA (P<0.05). There was also a significant difference in the expression of VISTA between different immune cells, with a significantly higher expression level on the surface of monocytes (P<0.05). Correlation analysis showed that VISTA was negatively correlated with the expression of IFN-γ and TNF-α on CD4+ T cells (r=-0.436 and -0.382 respectively, P<0.05), CD8+ T cells (r=-0.348 and -0.487 respectively, P<0.05), and CD14+ mononuclear cells (r=-0.582 and -0.603 respectively, P<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#The insufficient expression of VISTA may be associated with the pathogenesis of JIA, and enhancing the immunomodulatory effect of VISTA might be one option for the treatment of JIA in the future.

Transcriptional analysis on biomarkers of liver injury induced by anti-tuberculosis drugs / 上海预防医学

ObjectiveThe study utilized human transcriptome microarray to explore biomarkers for diagnosing drug-induced liver injury （DILI） caused by anti-tuberculosis drugs. MethodsA 6-month follow-up study was conducted on 152 patients treated with anti-tuberculosis drugs in designated hospitals in Shanghai. The blood samples were collected at the 0， 2， 4， 8， 12 and 24 weeks after treatment. According to the clinical biochemical indicators， the research subjects were divided into DILI cases （34 cases） and Control cases （118 cases）. Single factor analysis was conducted on the influencing factors between the two groups. In a 1∶1 matched DILI-control study， RNA samples of 13 pairs of cases were sequenced by the whole transcript expression mRNA array. Differentially expressed genes （DEGs） were screened by Hotelling's T2 value sequencing and the expression trend analysis of genes by STEM （short-time series expression miner）， and the functional enrichment and pathway analysis of DEGs were carried out. ResultsIn total 152 clinical cases， weight of patients was a risk factor for the occurrence of hepatotoxicity caused by anti-tuberculous drugs. Based on the analysis results of mRNA array， 513 DEGs were screened by Hotelling's T2 value sequencing method， which were enriched in 32 annotations of GO （Gene Ontology） analysis and 10 pathways of KEGG （Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes） analysis. One differential expression pattern was screened by STEM， which was enriched in 2 biological process notes of GO. Among them， the key genes AIM2， CD86， CXCL10 and non-coding RNAs SCARNA10， SNHG10 and SNORD105 are potential biomarkers of DILI caused by anti-tuberculosis drugs. ConclusionIn this research for biomarkers conducted on cases with liver injury caused by anti-tuberculosis drugs， biological pathways associated with hepatotoxicity are identified and a series of key genes related with drug-induced liver injury are found， which provides the basis for mechanism study and searching for earlier and more sensitive biomarkers.

lncRNA CDK5RAP3 regulates the proliferation and invasion of gastric cancer cells via miR-223-3p / 国际外科学杂志

Objective:To explore the expression of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) CDK5RAP3 in gastric cancer tissue and its regulatory effect on gastric cancer cell proliferation and invasion.Methods:The expression differences of CDK5RAP3 in gastric cancer tissues and adjacent tissues were analyzed by TCGA database. By transfecting the pcDNA3.1-CDK5RAP3 plasmid into Hs-746T cells, a gastric cancer cell line overexpressing CDK5RAP3 (CDK5RAP3 group) was constructed, and the pcDNA3.1 plasmid was transfected into Hs-746T cells as a control group. The changes of CDK5RAP3 expression in the two groups of cells were detected by real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR). The effects of overexpression of CDK5RAP3 on the proliferation and invasion of Hs-746T cells were detected by CCK-8 assay and Transwell assay, respectively. The binding sites of CDK5RAP3 and miR-223-3p were predicted by the starBase v2.0 database. The direct binding of CDK5RAP3 and miR-223-3p was verified by dual-luciferase reporter gene experiment. The expression levels of miR-223-3p in Hs-746T cells in each group were detected by qRT-PCR. Western blot was used to detect the expression levels of proliferation proteins and invasion proteins in Hs-746T cells in each group. The experimental data were analyzed by SPSS 17.0 software, and the measurement data conforming to the normal distribution were expressed as Mean±SD. The t-test was used to compare between two groups, and the one-way analysis of variance was used to compare the means of multiple groups. Results:Compared with adjacent tissues, the expression level of CDK5RAP3 in gastric cancer tissues was significantly lower ( P<0.01). The expressions of CDK5RAP3 in Hs-746T cells in the control group and CDK5RAP3 group were (1.08±0.77) and (10.63±2.14), respectively, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.01). Up-regulation of CDK5RAP3 significantly decreased the proliferation activity of Hs-746T cells ( P<0.05). The number of invasive cells in the control group and CDK5RAP3 group were (137.80±28.72) and (57.76±24.95), respectively, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.01). CDK5RAP3 could directly bind miR-223-3p ( P<0.01). The expression of miR-223-3p in Hs-746T cells in control group and CDK5RAP3 group were (6.22±1.20) and (1.01±0.98), respectively, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.01). Compared with the control group, up-regulation of CDK5RAP3 significantly reduced the expression levels of proliferation and invasive proteins. Conclusion:The expression of CDK5RAP3 is low in gastric cancer tissue, and CDK5RAP3 inhibits the proliferation and invasion of gastric cancer Hs-746T cells by targeting miR-223-3p.

Treatment and prognosis analysis of perineural invasion on sinonasal adenoid cystic carcinoma / 中华肿瘤杂志

Objective: To analyze the efficacy of sinonasal adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) with perineural invasion (PNI), and explore the prognostic value of PNI on sinonasal adenoid cystic carcinoma. Methods: The clinical data of 105 patients with sinonasal ACC admitted to Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences from January 2000 to December 2016 were retrospectively reviewed. All patients were restaged according to American Joint Committee on Cancer 8th edition. Follow-up visits were conducted to obtain information of treatment failure and survival outcome. The Log rank test was used for univariate analysis of prognostic factors, and Cox regression model was used for multivariate prognostic analysis. Results: The maxillary sinus (n=59) was the most common primary site, followed by the nasal cavity (n=38). There were 93 patients with stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ. The treatment modalities included surgery alone (n=14), radiotherapy alone (n=13), preoperative radiotherapy plus surgery (n=10), and surgery plus postoperative radiotherapy (n=68). The median follow-up time was 91.8 months, the 5-year local control (LC), distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) rates were 72.6%, 73.0%, 52.9% and 78.0%, respectively. There were 33 patients (31.4%) with PNI-positive. The 5-year DMFS, PFS, and OS rates of PNI-positive group were 53.7%, 29.4% and 56.5%, respectively, which were significantly inferior to those of PNI-negative group (80.8%, 63.0% and 86.8%, respectively, P<0.05), while there was no significant difference in the 5-year LC rate between both groups (64.5% vs 76.5%, P=0.273). The multivariate Cox regression analysis showed PNI was one of the poor prognostic factors of DMFS (HR=3.514, 95%CI: 1.557-7.932), PFS (HR=2.562, 95%CI: 1.349-4.866) and OS (HR=2.605, 95%CI: 1.169-5.806). Among patients with PNI-positive, the 5-year LC, PFS and OS rates of patients received surgery combined with radiotherapy were 84.9%, 41.3% and 72.7%, respectively, which were significantly higher than 23.3%, 10.0% and 26.7% of patients receiving surgery or radiotherapy alone (P<0.05). Conclusion: The presence of PNI increases the risk of distant metastasis in patients with sinonasal ACC. Compared with patients with PNI-negative, the prognosis of patients with PNI-positive is relatively poor, and surgery combined with radiotherapy for PNI-positive sinonasal ACC results in good clinical outcomes.

Elevated levels of platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio may predict the reduced risk of MPO-ANCA associated vasculitis in Chinese patients with end stage of renal disease / 中南大学学报(医学版)

Objective: Platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) has recently been investigated as a new inflammatory marker in many inflammatory diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus and immunoglobulin A vasculitis. However, there were very few reports regarding the clinical role of PLR in patients with anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) associated vasculitis. This study was thus undertaken to investigate the relationship between inflammatory response and disease activity in Chinese patients with myeloperoxidase-anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (MPO-ANCA) associated vasculitis. Furthermore, we evaluated whether PLR predicts the progression of end stage of renal disease (ESRD) and all-cause mortality.Methods:The clinical, laboratory and pathological data, and the outcomes of MPO-ANCA associated vasculitis patients were collected. The Spearman correlation coefficient was computed to examine the association between 2 continuous variables. Cox regression analysis was used to estimate the association between PLR and ESRD or all-cause mortality. Results:A total of 190 consecutive patients with MPO-ANCA associated vasculitis were included in this study. Baseline PLR was positively correlated with CRP (r=0.333, P<0.001) and ESR (r=0.218, P=0.003). PLR had no obvious correlation with Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score (BVAS). Patients having PLR≥330 exhibited better cumulative renal survival rates than those having PLR<330 (P=0.017). However, there was no significant difference in the cumulative patient survival rates between patients with PLR≥330 and those with PLR<330 at diagnosis (P>0.05). In multivariate analysis, PLR is associated with the decreased risk of ESRD (P=0.038, HR=0.518, 95％CI 0.278 to 0.963). We did not find an association between PLR with all-cause mortality using multivariate analysis (HR=1.081, 95％CI 0.591 to 1.976, P=0.801).Conclusion: PLR is positively correlated with CRP and ESR. Furthermore, PLR may independently predict the risk of ESRD.

Effects of Exogenous Fusarium oxysporum and Trichoderma viride on Soil Fungal Community of Panax ginseng / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of exogenous Fusarium oxysporum and Trichoderma viride on the diversity of soil fungal community and carbon metabolic function of cultivated Panax ginseng. MethodIllumina HiSeq 2500 high-throughput sequencing combined with Biolog-ECO was used to analyze the species diversity and functional diversity of soil fungal communities in P. ginseng soil under different exogenous treatments. ResultThe results of high-throughput sequencing showed that the number and species of microorganisms in the soil were significantly changed after exogenous microorganisms were added. The soil fungi with relative abundance greater than 1% included Mortierella sp.，Fusarium sp.，Humicola sp.，and Simplicillium sp. Mortierella sp. in each treatment group significantly increased. Humicola sp. and Simplicillium sp. could be induced to increase by exogenous addition of F. oxysporum，while T. viride at a high concentration could significantly inhibit the growth of F. oxysporum. As revealed by Biolog and principal component analysis （PCA），the average well color development （AWCD） in the high-dose T. viride group （MG） was significantly higher than that in the control group （QS）and the low-dose F. oxysporum group（LD）. The utilization abilities for amino acids，carboxylic acids，polymers， and amines were enhanced in the MG group，but the microbial metabolic activity was reduced in the high-dose F. oxysporum group （LG）. There was no significant increase in the utilization of phenolic acids by soil microorganisms in both groups. ConclusionExogenous addition of F. oxysporum can lead to the growth and reproduction of other pathogenic fungi. Exogenous addition of T. viride can enhance the soil fungal community structure and metabolic diversity，inhibit the proliferation of F. oxysporum，and improve the soil microbial environment of cultivated P. ginseng.

"Massive hemoptysis" and shock after fever and cough / 中国当代儿科杂志

A boy, aged 11 years, was admitted due to intermittent fever for 15 days, cough for 10 days, and "hemoptysis" for 7 days. The boy had fever and cough with left neck pain 15 days ago, and antibiotic treatment was effective. During the course of disease, the boy developed massive "hemoptysis" which caused shock. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy revealed a left pyriform sinus fistula with continuous bleeding. In combination with neck and vascular imaging examination results, the boy was diagnosed with internal jugular vein injury and thrombosis due to congenital pyriform sinus fistula infection and neck abscess. The boy was improved after treatment with temperature-controlled radiofrequency ablation for the closure of pyriform sinus fistula, and no recurrence was observed during the follow-up for one year and six months. No reports of massive hemorrhage and shock due to pyriform sinus fistula infection were found in the searched literature, and this article summarizes the clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of this boy, so as to provide a reference for the early diagnosis of such disease and the prevention and treatment of its complications.

Effect of Wei's triple nine needling on eye regulation in patients with presbyopia complicated with visual fatigue of liver depression and spleen deficiency / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To compare the clinical efficacy between Wei's triple nine needling combined with esculin and digitalis glycosides eye drops and esculin and digitalis glycosides eye drops alone for presbyopia complicated with visual fatigue of liver depression and spleen deficiency.@*METHODS@#Forty-six cases (92 eyes) with presbyopia complicated with visual fatigue of liver depression and spleen deficiency were randomly divided into an observation group (23 cases) and a control group (23 cases, 2 cases dropped off). The cases in the observation group were treated with Wei's triple nine needling and esculin and digitalis glycosides eye drops. The acupoints included Shangming (Extra), Chengqi (ST 1), Cuanzhu (BL 2) to Jingming (BL 1), Sizhukong (TE 23) to Taiyang (EX-HN 5), etc; the needling was given once every other day, three times a week, and the eye drops were given one drop each time, three times a day. The cases in the control group were only treated with the eye drops. Both groups were treated for 7 days as one course of treatment, and 2 courses of treatment were given. The visual fatigue core symptoms score, adjustment amplitude, adjustment lag and best average corrected visual acuity were observed in the two groups before treatment, 1 week and 2 weeks into treatment, respectively.@*RESULTS@#Compared before treatment, the visual fatigue core symptoms scores in the two groups were decreased after 1-week and 2-week treatment (P<0.05); in the observation group, the adjustment amplitude was increased after 2-week treatment (P<0.05), while in the control group, the adjustment amplitude was increased after 1-week and 2-week treatment (P<0.05); in the observation group, the adjustment lag was decreased after 1-week and 2-week treatment (P<0.05). After 2-week treatment, the visual fatigue core symptoms score in the observation group was lower than that in the control group, and the adjustment amplitude was higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in adjustment lag and best average corrected visual acuity between the two groups after 1-week and 2-week treatment (P>0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Wei's triple nine needling combined with esculin and digitalis glycosides eye drops could improve the visual fatigue and eye regulation ability in patients with presbyopia complicated with visual fatigue of liver depression and spleen deficiency, and the effect is better than esculin and digitalis glycosides eye drops alone.

Application of bovine corneal opacity and permeability test in the eye irritation evaluation of cosmetics / 上海预防医学

Objective To establish bovine corneal opacity and permeability （BCOP） test， and determine its predictive ability for the eye irritation evaluation of cosmetics. Methods A total of ten reference chemicals were selected to establish the BCOP test. Then eye irritation of 16 routinely collected cosmetics in our laboratory was predicted. In vitro scores were calculated by the change in the opacity and sodium fluorescein permeability after exposure to the testing cosmetics， and subsequently compared with the historical data by Draize test. Results Reference chemicals with known irritation classification were correctly classified by the BCOP test， which was consistent with the classification of UN globally harmonized system of classification and labeling of chemicals. Moreover， the specificity of the BCOP test for the classification of non-irritating cosmetics samples was 80.0% （8/10）， and the sensitivity for weak to mild irritating cosmetics samples was 83.3% （5/6）. The BCOP test demonstrated an overall classification consistency of 81.3% （13/16） with in vivo test. Conclusion BCOP test may be independently used to identify chemicals with potential eye irritation and serious eye damage， suggesting it is significant for in vitro integrated test strategy for predicting eye irritation due to cosmetics.

High levels of platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio may predict reduced risk of end stage of renal disease in Chinese patients with MPO-ANCA associated vasculitis / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVES@#Platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) has recently been investigated as a new inflammatory marker in many inflammatory diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus and immunoglobulin A vasculitis. However, there were very few reports regarding the clinical role of PLR in patients with anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) associated vasculitis. This study was thus undertaken to investigate the relationship between inflammatory response and disease activity in Chinese patients with myeloperoxidase-anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (MPO-ANCA) associated vasculitis. Furthermore, we evaluated whether PLR predicts the progression of end stage of renal disease (ESRD) and all-cause mortality.@*METHODS@#The clinical, laboratory and pathological data, and the outcomes of MPO-ANCA associated vasculitis patients were collected. The Spearman correlation coefficient was computed to examine the association between 2 continuous variables. Cox regression analysis was used to estimate the association between PLR and ESRD or all-cause mortality.@*RESULTS@#A total of 190 consecutive patients with MPO-ANCA associated vasculitis were included in this study. Baseline PLR was positively correlated with CRP (r=0.333, P<0.001) and ESR (r=0.218, P=0.003). PLR had no obvious correlation with Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score (BVAS). Patients having PLR≥330 exhibited better cumulative renal survival rates than those having PLR<330 (P=0.017). However, there was no significant difference in the cumulative patient survival rates between patients with PLR≥330 and those with PLR<330 at diagnosis (P>0.05). In multivariate analysis, PLR is associated with the decreased risk of ESRD (P=0.038, HR=0.518, 95% CI 0.278 to 0.963). We did not find an association between PLR with all-cause mortality using multivariate analysis (HR=1.081, 95% CI 0.591 to 1.976, P=0.801).@*CONCLUSIONS@#PLR is positively correlated with CRP and ESR. Furthermore, PLR may independently predict the risk of ESRD.

Two Case Reports of Type 2 Diabetes Induced by Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Combined with Chemotherapy / 中国肺癌杂志

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have become an important means of cancer treatment, and their application in the clinic is becoming more and more widespread. The adverse reactions caused by ICIs are gradually recognized. Among them, immunotherapy-related diabetes is a rare adverse reaction and type 1 diabetes mellitusis common. With the wide application of ICIs combined with chemotherapy in lung cancer patients, patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus have gradually been discovered during the treatment. However, the effect of continued use of ICIs maintenance therapy on blood glucose and ICIs treatment process in these patients is still unclear. This article reports two cases of type 2 diabetes mellitus induced by immune checkpoint inhibitor combined with chemotherapy, one of whom converted to type 1 diabetes mellitus, in order to increase the understanding of immunotherapy-related diabetes.
.

Light-controllable charge-reversal nanoparticles with polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid for enhancing immunotherapy of triple negative breast cancer

Nucleic acid drugs are highly applicable for cancer immunotherapy with promising therapeutic effects, while targeting delivery of these drugs to disease lesions remains challenging. Cationic polymeric nanoparticles have paved the way for efficient delivery of nucleic acid drugs, and achieved stimuli-responsive disassembly in tumor microenvironment (TME). However, TME is highly heterogeneous between individuals, and most nanocarriers lack active-control over the release of loaded nucleic acid drugs, which will definitely reduce the therapeutic efficacy. Herein, we have developed a light-controllable charge-reversal nanoparticle (LCCN) with controlled release of polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid [Poly(I:C)] to treat triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) by enhanced photodynamic immunotherapy. The nanoparticles keep suitably positive charge for stable loading of Poly(I:C), while rapidly reverse to negative charge after near-infrared light irradiation to release Poly(I:C). LCCN-Poly(I:C) nanoparticles trigger effective phototoxicity and immunogenic cell death on 4T1 tumor cells, elevate antitumor immune responses and inhibit the growth of primary and abscopal 4T1 tumors in mice. The approach provides a promising strategy for controlled release of various nucleic acid-based immune modulators, which may enhance the efficacy of photodynamic immunotherapy against TNBC.

Effect of para-nitrophenol concentration in urine of healthy adults on thyroid function based on US NHANES / 环境与职业医学

Background Parathion and methyl parathion are typical organophosphorus insecticides and para−nitrophenol (PNP) is their main specific metabolite. Previous studies have shown that parathion and methyl parathion may play a role as endocrine disrupting chemicals, but the evidence is limited. Objective Our aim is to evaluate association between urinary PNP concentration and thyroid function among healthy adults and whether this association has gender differences. Methods The study was based on the 2007—2008 US National Health and Nutrition ExaminationSurvey (NHANES). A total of 1071 subjects aging from 20 to 64 years with data on both urinary PNP and serum thyroid function indicators were finally enrolled. Thyroid function was evaluated by measuring serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4), total triiodothyronine (TT3), total thyroxine (TT4), thyroglobulin (TG), and thyroglobulin antibody (TG-Ab). A generalized linear model was used to analyze the relationship between urinary PNP and serum thyroid function indicators and the dose-response relationship. Gender differences were also explored. Results In the total population, the positive rate of PNP was 92.5%, and the median urinary PNP concentration adjusted for urinary creatinine was 0.62 μg·g−1. The median creatinine-adjusted urinary PNP concentrations in the male and female populations were 0.60 and 0.66 µg·g−1 respectively. The median activities or concentrations of serum thyroid function indicators TSH, FT3, FT4, TT3, and TT4 in the total population were 1500.00 μIU·L−1, 3200.00 pg·L−1, 8.00 ng·L−1, 1140.00 ng·L−1, and 76.00 μg·L−1 respectively. In the total population, a logarithmic unit increase of urinary PNP was associated with 1050.00 pg·L−1 decrease in serum FT3 levels (b=−0.02, 95%CI: −0.02-−0.01), 10.50 ng·L−1 decrease in FT4 levels (b=−0.02, 95%CI: −0.03-−0.01), and 10.50 ng·L−1 decrease in TT3 levels (b=−0.02, 95%CI: −0.03-−0.01), all in a dose-response manner (all Ptrend<0.05). After sex stratification, for every logarithmic unit increase of urinary PNP, the serum TG-Ab level was increased by 1100.00 IU·L−1 (b=0.04, 95%CI: 0.00-0.08) and the serum FT3 level was reduced by 1020.00 pg·L−1 (b=−0.01, 95%CI: −0.02-0.00) among males, and both showed dose-response relationships (both Ptrend<0.05); every logarithmic unit increase of urinary PNP was associated with 1050.00 pg·L−1 decrease in FT3 levels (b=−0.02, 95%CI: −0.03-−0.01), 10.50 ng·L−1decrease in FT4 levels (b=−0.02, 95%CI: −0.03-0.00), 10.70 ng·L−1 decrease in TT3 levels (b=−0.03, 95%CI: −0.05-−0.01), and 10.50 μg·L−1 decrease in TT4 levels (b=−0.02, 95%CI: −0.04-0.00) among females, and there were dose-response relationships of urinary PNP concentration with serum FT3 and TT3 levels (both Ptrend<0.001). Conclusion Changes in the concentration of PNP in urine are associated with changes in serum FT4, FT3, and TT3 levels and the results also show gender differences.

The application of blunt needle buttonhole puncture of arteriovenous fistula in maintenance hemodialysis patients / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To explore the application of blunt needle buttonhole puncture for arteriovenous fistula in maintenance hemodialysis patients and its effect on complications.Methods:Thirty patients with maintenance hemodialysis using blunt needle buttonhole puncture for arteriovenous fistula in the hemodialysis center of Dalian Central Hospital from September 1, 2017 to September 1,2018 were included as blunt needle group. Thirty patients with common sharp needle rope ladder puncture were matched 1∶1 according to age, gender, primary disease and dialysis age as sharp needle group. They were followed up until August 31, 2019. The incidence of pain, compression hemostasis time, infection and internal fistula occlusion after puncture were compared between the two groups, and the methods and techniques of blunt needle puncture were summarized.Results:In blunt needle group, the puncture pain score was 0 in 3 cases, 1-3 in 25 cases, 4-6 in 2 cases and 7-10 in 0 case. In sharp needle group, the puncture pain score was 0 in 0 case, 1-3 in 10 cases, 4-6 in 20 cases and 7-10 in 0 case. The puncture pain in blunt needle group was significantly lower than that in sharp needle group. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( χ2 value was 24.156, P<0.01). The compression hemostasis time was less than 10 min in blunt needle group and more than 10 min in sharp needle group. There were 0 case of internal fistula hemangioma in blunt needle group and 21 cases in sharp needle group. The incidence of internal fistula hemangioma in blunt needle group was significantly lower than that in sharp needle group. There were 2 cases of redness at the puncture needle eye in blunt needle group and 1 case in sharp needle group. During the follow-up period, no other serious complications such as internal fistula occlusion occurred in both groups. Conclusions:Blunt needle buttonhole puncture can effectively reduce the incidence of puncture complications, reduce the degree of puncture pain in patients, shorten the compression time from the machine, the treatment is safe, worthy of clinical promotion.

Clinicopathological analysis of children with Xp11.2 translocation/ TFE3 gene fusion associated renal cell carcinoma / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective:To summary the problems that may be encountered in the diagnosis of Xp11.2 translocation/TFE3 gene fusion associated renal cell carcinomas (Xp11 RCC) and to improve the understanding and diagnostic level.Methods:The clinical and pathological data of 5 children with Xp11 RCC pathologically diagnosed in Children′s Hospital of Capital Institute of Pediatrics from January 2015 to December 2019 were collected for retrospective analysis.Results:The 5 cases included 2 males and 3 females with the age of 4-8 years old.All cases presented with abdominal mass.Four cases received radical nephrectomy and radical tumor resection, and 1 case received simple tumor resection after related examination.Routine HE staining, immunohistochemical staining and fluorescence in situ hybridi-zation (FISH) were performed after surgery.The histological morphology of tumor was varied, and the tumor cells were arranged in nest flake, acinar or papillary pattern, with abundant cytoplasm form completely transparent to eosinophilic staining (pink), and gravel-like calcification was visible.Micropapillary arranged tumor cells appeared in 1 case besides classic pattern; in another case, the tumor cells were highly eosinophilic with abundant cytoplasm and visible round or elliptic eosinophilic bodies.The tumor cells in 5 cases showed diffuse and strong expression of TFE3, and FISH assay showed abnormal separation signal.Conclusions:Xp11 RCC is a relatively rare renal malignant tumor with diverse histological morphology, which should be distinguished from other common renal tumors in children.Its immunohistochemical expression and molecular detection are of specificity, and it should be diagnosed based on clinical incidence.